Implementation of conservation measures and assess of population for the Bawean deer (Axis kuhlii) and Bawean warty pig (Sus blouchi)

Project partner: Association for Nature and Biodiversity

There are only two larger mammals on Bawean off Java's northern coast: the Bawean deer (axis kuhlii) and the Bawean warty pig (sus blouchi). Their feeding habits—which includes digging and grazing—help to maintain the composition of the plant community.

Both species are endemic to the island and there are only 46.6km² of protected wildlife reserve on the small (under 200km²) Bawean island. Their already small population sizes are extremely threatened by illegal deforestation, logging, lack of demarcation of the protected areas, illegal hunting with dogs and nets, and poaching with air rifles and snares are widespread on Bawean—even in the protected area.

Using camera traps, GPS monitoring, educational workshops, confiscation of snares and the catching of stray dogs, Association for Nature and Biodiversity (ANB) aims to stabilise or even increase the population size of the Bawean Deer and Bawean Warty Pig.

Outputs and Outcomes:

• 30 camera traps over nine months with over 1,000 records.

• Estimated population of 250 Bawean deer and under 1,000 Bawean warty pigs indicative of population stability.

• GPS tracking data from nine deer and two warty pigs revealed a strong preference of forest habitats over plantations, proving that natural forest remains crucial for species conservation.

• Release of nine adult Bawean deer in both the western and eastern parts of the island showed good adaptation and early signs of reproduction. This indicates that restocking efforts are feasible and promising.

• Camera trap data and regular patrols showed ongoing threats, including free-roaming dogs, poaching, and human disturbance. Engagement activities will follow.